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Finally, we investigate how treatment history affects the prevalence of resistance among opportunistic enterobacterial pathogens. We simulate treatment histories and identify which properties of prior antibiotic exposure are most influential in determining the prevalence of resistance. We find that resistance prevalence can be predicted by 3 properties, namely the total days of drug exposure, the duration of the drug-free period after last treatment, and the center of mass of the treatment pattern. Overall this work provides a framework for capturing the role of the microbiome in the selection of antibiotic resistance and highlights the role of treatment history for the prevalence of resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912188116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T19:24:16Z","timestamp":1572463456000},"page":"23106-23116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Quantifying the impact of treatment history on plasmid-mediated resistance evolution in human gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burcu","family":"Tepekule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Abel zur Wiesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT\u2014The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Troms\u00f8, Norway;"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, 0318 Oslo, Norway;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9220-8348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger D.","family":"Kouyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bonhoeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome","volume":"486","author":"Huttenhower C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"C. 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