{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:14:30Z","timestamp":1781108070319,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":182,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bloodborne parasites develop very sophisticated mechanisms to survive in the bloodstream, causing serious diseases. The mechanisms involved in intravascular clearance of bloodborne parasites are largely unknown. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is fundamental for developing strategies to treat the diseases. In the current study, we reveal that CRIg, a macrophage receptor previously shown to bind C3b\/iC3b in vitro, plays an essential role in intravascular clearance of the bloodborne parasites African trypanosomes. More importantly, we demonstrate that CRIg, through interactions with complement deposited on the parasites in vivo, rather than parasites themselves, captures parasites under flow conditions. Thus, CRIg functions as a complement receptor in vivo to capture bloodborne pathogens and may represent a target for treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913443116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T20:06:29Z","timestamp":1573675589000},"page":"24214-24220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["CRIg plays an essential role in intravascular clearance of bloodborne parasites by interacting with complement"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Gongguan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Yosri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingshun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donglei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley B.","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary B.","family":"Mackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Fralin Life Science Institute, Vector-Borne Disease Division, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiqing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"},{"name":"Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01342.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104123441506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104053441406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.152.4.1102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90160-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-1-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.1.405","article-title":"Lymphocyte function in experimental African trypanosomiasis. V. Role of antibody and the mononuclear phagocyte system in variant-specific immunity","volume":"130","author":"Dempsey W. L.","year":"1983","unstructured":"W. L. Dempsey, J. M. Mansfield, Lymphocyte function in experimental African trypanosomiasis. V. Role of antibody and the mononuclear phagocyte system in variant-specific immunity. J. Immunol. 130, 405\u2013411 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"629","article-title":"Immunological clearance of 75Se-labelled Trypanosoma brucei in mice. II. Mechanisms in immune animals","volume":"40","author":"Macaskill J. A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"J. A. Macaskill ., Immunological clearance of 75Se-labelled Trypanosoma brucei in mice. II. Mechanisms in immune animals. Immunology 40, 629\u2013635 (1980).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1003500"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00675.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.52.1.223-229.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011811-132445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00821-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04680.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.5.1716","article-title":"Interactions of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and murine Kupffer cells in vitro","volume":"143","author":"Seguin M. C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"M. C. Seguin, W. R. Ballou, C. A. Nacy, Interactions of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and murine Kupffer cells in vitro. J. Immunol. 143, 1716\u20131722 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1982.tb05431.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030192"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20110575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"523","article-title":"Estimation of serum immunoglobulin M as a screening technique for trypanosomiasis. A field trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"38","author":"Binz G.","year":"1968","unstructured":"G. Binz, G. Timperman, M. P. Hutchinson, Estimation of serum immunoglobulin M as a screening technique for trypanosomiasis. A field trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull W. H. O. 38, 523\u2013545 (1968).","journal-title":"Bull W. H. O."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92348-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/264256a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230590881826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90133-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00357-15"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1913443116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T18:35:58Z","timestamp":1695407758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1913443116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"48","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1913443116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1913443116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}