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In the present functional neuroimaging study of the human brain, a multidomain protocol was utilized to investigate the roles of the various areas that comprise the VLF\u2013DMF network in learning rule-based cognitive selections between different types of motor actions: manual, orofacial, nonspeech vocal, and speech vocal actions. Ventrolateral area 44 (a key component of the Broca\u2019s language production region in the human brain) is involved in the cognitive selection of orofacial, as well as, speech and nonspeech vocal responses; and the midcingulate cortex is involved in the analysis of speech and nonspeech vocal feedback driving adaptation of these responses. By contrast, the cognitive selection of speech vocal information requires this former network and the additional recruitment of area 45 and the presupplementary motor area. We propose that the basic function expressed by the VLF\u2013DMF network is to exert cognitive control of orofacial and vocal acts and, in the language dominant hemisphere of the human brain, has been adapted to serve higher speech function. These results pave the way to understand the potential changes that could have occurred in this network across primate evolution to enable speech production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916459117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T20:10:43Z","timestamp":1581711043000},"page":"4994-5005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Cognitive control of orofacial motor and vocal responses in the ventrolateral and dorsomedial human frontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0650-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kep Kee","family":"Loh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France;"},{"name":"Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, UMR 7289, 13005 Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7486-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Procyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Neveu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe d\u2019Analyse et de Th\u00e9orie Economique, CNRS UMR 5229, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Lamberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Structure F\u00e9d\u00e9rative de Recherche Sant\u00e9 Lyon-Est, CNRS UMR 3453, INSERM US7, Lyon 1 University, 69008 Lyon, France;"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etude et de Recherche Multimodal et Pluridisciplinaire en Imagerie du Vivant (CERMEP), 69677 Bron, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3480-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William D.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Petrides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2234-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Amiez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500 Bron, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X13003099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00428"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3409"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2006.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03628"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2001.02090.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2016.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2478"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403743101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"398","article-title":"Nouvelle observation d\u2019aphemie produite par une l\u00e9sion de la moiti\u00e9 post\u00e9rieuredes deuxi\u00e8me et troisi\u00e8me circonvolutions frontales","volume":"36","author":"Broca P.","year":"1861","unstructured":"P. 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