{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:42:46Z","timestamp":1783626166102,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"47","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>When encountering unexpected event changes, memories of relevant past experiences must be updated to form new representations. Current models of memory updating propose that people must first generate memory-based predictions to detect and register that features of the environment have changed, then encode the new event features and integrate them with relevant memories of past experiences to form configural memory representations. Each of these steps may be impaired in older adults. Using functional MRI, we investigated these mechanisms in healthy young and older adults. In the scanner, participants first watched a movie depicting everyday activities in a day of an actor\u2019s life. They next watched a second nearly identical movie in which some scenes ended differently. Crucially, before watching the last part of each activity, the second movie stopped, and participants were asked to mentally replay how the activity previously ended. Three days later, participants were asked to recall the activities. Neural activity pattern reinstatement in medial temporal lobe (MTL) during the replay phase of the second movie was associated with detecting changes and with better memory for the original activity features. Reinstatements in posterior medial cortex (PMC) additionally predicted better memory for changed features. Compared to young adults, older adults showed a reduced ability to detect and remember changes and weaker associations between reinstatement and memory performance. These findings suggest that PMC and MTL contribute to change processing by reinstating previous event features, and that older adults are less able to use reinstatement to update memory for changed features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918063117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T20:51:18Z","timestamp":1606164678000},"page":"29346-29353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Aging and the encoding of changes in events: The role of neural activity pattern reinstatement"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Stawarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105;"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2381-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher N.","family":"Wahlheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3694-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joset A.","family":"Etzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3379-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham Z.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1171-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Zacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63105;"},{"name":"Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-50406-3_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.4.887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319438111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2535-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Memory Changes in Healthy Older Adults","author":"Balota D. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"D. A. Balota, P. O. Dolan, J. M. Duchek, Memory Changes in Healthy Older Adults (Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 395\u2013410."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.23.1.104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.20.11125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1774-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"611","article-title":"The contextual association network activates more for remembered than for imagined events","volume":"26","author":"Gilmore A. W.","year":"2016","unstructured":"A. W. Gilmore, S. M. Nelson, K. B. McDermott, The contextual association network activates more for remembered than for imagined events. Cereb. Cortex 26, 611\u2013617 (2016).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Representational similarity analysis\u2013Connecting the branches of systems neuroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kriegeskorte N.","year":"2008","unstructured":"N. Kriegeskorte, M. Mur, P. Bandettini, Representational similarity analysis\u2013Connecting the branches of systems neuroscience. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2, 4 (2008).","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504136102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0524-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.17.4.677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-010-0027-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","volume-title":"BOLD Functional MRI and Cognitive Aging","author":"Gazzaley A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"A. Gazzaley, M. D\u2019Esposito, BOLD Functional MRI and Cognitive Aging (Oxford University Press, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/59.6.P285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.97.6.1313"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1918063117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T05:33:33Z","timestamp":1649828013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1918063117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"47","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1918063117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1918063117","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/809806","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}