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Our approach provides numerous advantages, as it 1) circumvents the possible toxicity of staining materials, 2) saves time and resources, 3) optimizes inter- and intralab variability, 4) allows concurrent staining of different types of cells with multiple virtual stains, and 5) provides ideal conditions for real-time analysis, such as rapid stain-free imaging flow cytometry. The proposed method is shown to be accurate, repeatable, and nonsubjective. Hence, it bears great potential to become a common tool in clinical settings and biological research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1919569117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T20:25:35Z","timestamp":1586809535000},"page":"9223-9231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Holographic virtual staining of individual biological cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5800-9097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoav N.","family":"Nygate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattan","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simcha K.","family":"Mirsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir A.","family":"Turko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moran","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itay","family":"Barnea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gili","family":"Dardikman-Yoffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Haifler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Shalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QART Medical, 4366236 Ra\u2019anana, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4080-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natan T.","family":"Shaked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-018-0253-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.3.001757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.002721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.005701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2016.2553401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"254","volume-title":"Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention: Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"Liao S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"S. 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