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However, because conventional ultrasound transducers are opaque, in multimodal imaging with optics, the optical devices must be placed off-axis from the ultrasound transducer. This off-axis arrangement is prone to misalignment, adds complexity and bulk to the system, and can result in a low signal-to-noise-ratio. Here, we present a transparent ultrasound transducer at the heart of a quadruple fusion imaging system that seamlessly integrates ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence imaging, and we demonstrate the system\u2019s use in imaging responses to both ophthalmologic injuries and oncologic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920879118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T16:26:41Z","timestamp":1615220801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Quadruple ultrasound, photoacoustic, optical coherence, and fluorescence fusion imaging with a transparent ultrasound transducer"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Jeongwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 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