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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The highly attenuated vaccine vector MVA is an approved smallpox vaccine and is undergoing clinical trials as a vaccine vector for other infectious diseases. Although an inability to replicate in human cells contributes to the safety of MVA, the basis for its host restriction is not understood. Here we identify a host-range gene C16L\/B22R, which is present as two copies in most orthopoxviruses but is inactivated in MVA. Repair of this gene allows replication of MVA in several tested human cell lines and, in combination with a second missing host-range gene C12L, restores full replication. Furthermore, a human cell line expressing both proteins is permissive for MVA. This knowledge may contribute to further engineering of MVA vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1921098117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T16:35:31Z","timestamp":1580834131000},"page":"3759-3767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Repair of a previously uncharacterized second host-range gene contributes to full replication of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) in human cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6141-8775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2154-8564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"1460","volume-title":"Smallpox and Its Eradication","author":"Fenner F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"F. 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