{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:48:04Z","timestamp":1790754484935,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":183,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI135305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI135305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI139100-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI139100-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI134692-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI134692-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PJT-166050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-166050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BIO2016-78751-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIO2016-78751-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections can lead to diseases that range from localized skin abscess to life-threatening toxic shock syndrome. The SrrAB two-component system (TCS) is a global regulator of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence and critical for survival under environmental conditions such as hypoxic, oxidative, and nitrosative stress found at sites of infection. Despite the critical role of SrrAB in\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity, the mechanism by which the SrrAB TCS senses and responds to these environmental signals remains unknown. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the SrrB histidine kinase contains several domains, including an extracellular Cache domain and a cytoplasmic HAMP-PAS-DHp-CA region. Here, we show that the PAS domain regulates both kinase and phosphatase enzyme activity of SrrB and present the structure of the DHp-CA catalytic core. Importantly, this structure shows a unique intramolecular cysteine disulfide bond in the ATP-binding domain that significantly affects autophosphorylation kinetics. In vitro data show that the redox state of the disulfide bond affects\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilm formation and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 production. Moreover, with the use of the rabbit infective endocarditis model, we demonstrate that the disulfide bond is a critical regulatory element of SrrB function during\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Our data support a model whereby the disulfide bond and PAS domain of SrrB sense and respond to the cellular redox environment to regulate\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    survival and pathogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1921307117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T21:39:43Z","timestamp":1588282783000},"page":"10989-10999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["The SrrAB two-component system regulates\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    pathogenicity through redox sensitive cysteines"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5327-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitija","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"L\u00f3pez-Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IBV-CSIC), 46010 Valencia, Spain;"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Miguel-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IBV-CSIC), 46010 Valencia, Spain;"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7189-2323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Kulhankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7917-7025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuong M.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1029-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle J.","family":"Kinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel H.","family":"Kilgore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Al-Tameemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"Herfst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2874-7822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Tuffs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7721-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffery M.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3742-7289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John K.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilmara","family":"Salgado-Pab\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1334-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (IBV-CSIC), 46010 Valencia, Spain;"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Schlievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto J.","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00174.x","article-title":"Persistent (not intermittent) nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is the determinant of CPD-related infections","volume":"67","author":"Nouwen J. 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Schlievert, Oxygen and carbon dioxide regulation of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 production by Staphylococcus aureus MN8. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 1797\u20131803 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4665","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.14.4665-4684.2004","article-title":"Global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms","volume":"186","author":"Beenken K. E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"K. E. Beenken ., Global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J. Bacteriol. 186, 4665\u20134684 (2004).","journal-title":"J. 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Schlievert, Identification of a novel two-component regulatory system that acts in global regulation of virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 183, 1113\u20131123 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10392","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0102959","article-title":"The srhSR gene pair from Staphylococcus aureus: Genomic and proteomic approaches to the identification and characterization of gene function","volume":"40","author":"Throup J. P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"J. P. Throup ., The srhSR gene pair from Staphylococcus aureus: Genomic and proteomic approaches to the identification and characterization of gene function. 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