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Offering unprecedented testimony to the globalization of an ancient production economy in a marginal environment, our archaeobotanical and ceramic dataset illuminates the rise and fall of local viticulture in the fourth to sixth centuries of the common era (CE). Decline likely resulted from market contraction triggered by plague and climate change rather than Islamic conquest, exposing systemic vulnerabilities of Negev agricultural commercialization. In millennial-scale Negev history, the Late Antique commercial florescence is anomalous, lasting about two centuries before reverting to smaller settlement and survival\u2013subsistence strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922200117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T20:28:13Z","timestamp":1595881693000},"page":"19780-19791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The rise and fall of viticulture in the Late Antique Negev Highlands reconstructed from archaeobotanical and ceramic data"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4686-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Fuks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1009-5619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"Bar-Oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498837 Mount Carmel, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yotam","family":"Tepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498837 Mount Carmel, Israel;"},{"name":"Israel Antiquities Authority, 61012 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tali","family":"Erickson-Gini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Israel Antiquities Authority, 61012 Tel Aviv, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dafna","family":"Langgut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel;"},{"name":"The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-8180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lior","family":"Weissbrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498837 Mount Carmel, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9730-4726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehud","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:osobl\/9780199549061.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119188230.saseas0270"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"The Ancient Economy","author":"Finley M. 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