{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:16:59Z","timestamp":1793261819327,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Collective risks trigger social dilemmas that require balancing selfish interests and common good. One important example is mitigating climate change, wherein without sufficient investments, worldwide negative consequences become increasingly likely. To study the social aspects of this problem, we organized a game experiment that reveals how group size, communication, and behavioral type drive prosocial action. We find that communicating sentiment and outlook leads to more positive outcomes, even among culturally heterogeneous groups. Although genuine free riders remain unfazed by communication, prosocial players better endure accumulated investment deficits, and thus fight off inaction as the failure looms. This suggests that climate negotiations may achieve more by leveraging existing goodwill than persuading skeptics to act.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922345117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T19:30:03Z","timestamp":1594841403000},"page":"17650-17655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Communicating sentiment and outlook reverses inaction against collective risks"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5007-6327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China;"},{"name":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0777-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Jusup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China;"},{"name":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1203-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Mathematics College, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China;"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Data Science, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai 201209, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8258-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun\u010dana","family":"Ge\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhur","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3087-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Perc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Complexity Science Hub Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris T.","family":"Bauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Kurths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Boccaletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Complex Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50019 Florence, Italy;"},{"name":"Unmanned Systems Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China;"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Joachim","family":"Schellnhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/461472a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1810141115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"Summary for policymakers of IPCC special report on global warming of 1.5\u00b0C approved by governments. https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/pdf\/session48\/pr_181008_P48_spm_en.pdf. 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