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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    NaChBac, the first bacterial voltage-gated Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    (Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) channel to be characterized, has been the prokaryotic prototype for studying the structure\u2013function relationship of Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    channels. Discovered nearly two decades ago, the structure of NaChBac has not been determined. Here we present the single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) analysis of NaChBac in both detergent micelles and nanodiscs. Under both conditions, the conformation of NaChBac is nearly identical to that of the potentially inactivated Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ab. Determining the structure of NaChBac in nanodiscs enabled us to examine gating modifier toxins (GMTs) of Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    channels in lipid bilayers. To study GMTs in mammalian Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    channels, we generated a chimera in which the extracellular fragment of the S3 and S4 segments in the second voltage-sensing domain from Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.7 replaced the corresponding sequence in NaChBac. Cryo-EM structures of the nanodisc-embedded chimera alone and in complex with HuwenToxin IV (HWTX-IV) were determined to 3.5 and 3.2 \u00c5 resolutions, respectively. Compared to the structure of HWTX-IV\u2013bound human Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.7, which was obtained at an overall resolution of 3.2 \u00c5, the local resolution of the toxin has been improved from \u223c6 to \u223c4 \u00c5. This resolution enabled visualization of toxin docking. NaChBac can thus serve as a convenient surrogate for structural studies of the interactions between GMTs and Na\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    channels in a membrane environment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922903117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T20:36:04Z","timestamp":1591648564000},"page":"14187-14193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Employing NaChBac for cryo-EM analysis of toxin action on voltage-gated Na\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    channels in nanodisc"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8734-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7736-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William C.","family":"Valinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Cam","family":"On","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick R.","family":"Houlihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4459-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Clapham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4829-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nieng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2314-9","article-title":"Forty years of sodium channels: Structure, function, pharmacology, and epilepsy","volume":"42","author":"Catterall W. 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