{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:12:05Z","timestamp":1790385125039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Periventricular leukomalacia is characterized by a reduction in brain matter and secondary ventriculomegaly and is a major cause of developmental delay and cerebral palsy in prematurely born infants. Currently, our understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition is limited. In animal models, features of periventricular leukomalacia can be induced by hypoxia and activation of A\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    adenosine receptors (A\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ARs). Using mice that are deficient in the A\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    AR gene (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      A\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      AR\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013\/\u2013), we show that A\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ARs play a prominent role in the development of hypoxia-induced ventriculomegaly in neonates. Supporting a role for adenosine in the pathogenesis of developmental brain injury, ventriculomegaly was also observed in mice lacking the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which degrades adenosine. Thus, adenosine acting on A\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ARs appears to mediate hypoxia-induced brain injury ventriculomegaly during early postnatal development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1931975100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]],"date-time":"2003-10-01T15:44:34Z","timestamp":1065023074000},"page":"11718-11722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["A\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    adenosine receptors mediate hypoxia-induced ventriculomegaly"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meltem","family":"Seli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; 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Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertil B.","family":"Fredholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; 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