{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:40:07Z","timestamp":1791286807603,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A complex mechanism may be operational for dendritic cell (DC) maturation, wherein Toll-like receptor and other signaling pathways may be coordinated differently depending on the nature of the pathogens, in order for DC maturation to be most effective to a given threat. Here, we show that IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 signaling is selectively required for the maturation of DCs induced by double-stranded RNA or viral infection\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Interestingly, the maturation is still observed in the absence of either of the two target genes of IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2,\n                    <jats:italic>TLR3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>PKR<\/jats:italic>\n                    (double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase R), indicating the complexity of the IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2-induced transcriptional program in DCs. We also show that the DCs stimulated\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    by these agents can migrate into the T cell zone of the spleen but fail to mature without the IFN signal. The immune system may have acquired the selective utilization of this cytokine system, which is essential for innate antiviral immunity, to effectively couple with the induction of adaptive immunity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934678100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,16]],"date-time":"2003-09-16T13:42:33Z","timestamp":1063719753000},"page":"10872-10877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":303,"title":["Selective contribution of IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 signaling to the maturation of dendritic cells induced by double-stranded RNA or viral infection"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Kenya","family":"Honda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chigusa","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Yanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misako","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Ohteki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuneyasu","family":"Kaisho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Takaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuo","family":"Akira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; and Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Seya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3, Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan;Department of Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita-city, Akita 010-8543, Japan; 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