{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T21:01:57Z","timestamp":1788123717539,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI143191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI143191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI127335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI127335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI123811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI123811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI103311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI103311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI07419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI07419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18POST33960140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18POST33960140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is lifelong and persistent. Periodic reactivation of cytomegalovirus poses serious disease risk for immune-compromised patients. A critical driver of reactivation is expression of viral genes from the major immediate early locus. Recent paradigm-shifting evidence shows that reactivation is driven from promoters distinct from those that drive replication in permissive cells. Understanding the contextual control of these promoters and how they specifically respond to cellular cues that drive reactivation is critical for establishing future therapies that prevent reactivation. Our findings mechanistically define a previously enigmatic relationship between differentiation and reactivation and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention to prevent HCMV reactivation and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002651117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T16:32:54Z","timestamp":1595349174000},"page":"18764-18770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["FOXO transcription factors activate alternative major immediate early promoters to induce human cytomegalovirus reactivation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1171-831X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Hale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna","family":"Collins-McMillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik M.","family":"Lenarcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzu","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8422-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Kamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6646-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia","family":"Goodrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721;"},{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel J.","family":"Moorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-788-4_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.22.9165"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-2-433"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.16.7543-7554.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01278-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01524-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00061-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00416-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00741-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900783116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002444"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gni035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01986-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03506-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83286-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02321-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201400616"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01574-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr064"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005655"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14060"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260419"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2017.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.4.1556-1565.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.56.3.676-682.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.3.1232-1238.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2007.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.5.1625","article-title":"Phorbol ester-induced differentiation permits productive human cytomegalovirus infection in a monocytic cell line","volume":"140","author":"Weinshenker B. G.","year":"1988","unstructured":"B. G. Weinshenker, S. Wilton, G. P. Rice, Phorbol ester-induced differentiation permits productive human cytomegalovirus infection in a monocytic cell line. J. Immunol. 140, 1625\u20131631 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)13505-9","article-title":"Factors affecting human cytomegalovirus gene expression in human monocyte cell lines","volume":"9","author":"Lee C. H.","year":"1999","unstructured":"C. H. Lee ., Factors affecting human cytomegalovirus gene expression in human monocyte cell lines. Mol. Cells 9, 37\u201344 (1999).","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-016-0634-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004195"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-788-4_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-12-4344"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252630899"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2015.1123355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M800517200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080444"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00965-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.009667"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. A. Krishna A. B. Wass C. M. O\u2019Connor Activator protein-1 transactivation of the major immediate early locus is a determinant of cytomegalovirus reactivation from latency. bioRxiv:10.1101\/2020.02.06.929281 (07 May 2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.06.929281"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2002651117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2002651117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T09:47:22Z","timestamp":1723283242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2002651117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2002651117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2002651117","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.02.10.942433","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}