{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:35:48Z","timestamp":1790220948095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the timing and mechanisms of amino acid synthesis and racemization on asteroidal parent bodies is key to demonstrating how amino acids evolved to be mostly left-handed in living organisms on Earth. It has been postulated that racemization can occur rapidly dependent on several factors, including the pH of the aqueous solution. Here, we conduct nanoscale geochemical analysis of a framboidal magnetite grain within the Tagish Lake carbonaceous chondrite to demonstrate that the interlocking crystal arrangement formed within a sodium-rich, alkaline fluid environment. Notably, we report on the discovery of Na-enriched subgrain boundaries and nanometer-scale Ca and Mg layers surrounding individual framboids. These interstitial coatings would yield a surface charge state of zero in more-alkaline fluids and prevent assimilation of the individual framboids into a single grain. This basic solution would support rapid synthesis and racemization rates on the order of years, suggesting that the low abundances of amino acids in Tagish Lake cannot be ascribed to fluid chemistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003276117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T20:21:52Z","timestamp":1589228512000},"page":"11217-11219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evidence for sodium-rich alkaline water in the Tagish Lake parent body and implications for amino acid synthesis and racemization"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4471-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee F.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly T.","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Langelier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9465-5950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Lymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9884-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"\u010cernok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8188-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya V.","family":"Kizovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1828-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Tschauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-4416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard I.","family":"Nicklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00471.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2002.tb00852.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063734"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2012.01400.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2007.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1991.0084"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1945-5100.2002.tb00870.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3649"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.205.4404.395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"L. White Tagish Lake magnetite APT. Open Science Framework. https:\/\/osf.io\/tjv8w\/. Deposited 30 March 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(89)90188-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812098116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062614"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/38460"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2003276117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T18:30:31Z","timestamp":1654626631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2003276117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2003276117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2003276117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}