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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Accurate gene expression relies on enzymes distinguishing correct from incorrect substrates that are chemically and structurally similar. During protein synthesis, correct base pairing between the tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon is essential for accurate translation. Other tRNA elements outside of the anticodon also contribute to correct selection by the ribosome, but the structural basis for their contribution to selectivity is unknown. Here, we determine structures of the bacterial ribosome containing tRNAs with altered nucleotide pairings in the anticodon loop that are known to prevent the ribosome from distinguishing correct from incorrect tRNAs. 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