{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:37:36Z","timestamp":1787164656146,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"HHS | NIH | National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY024681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY024681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"HHS | NIH | National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY001583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY001583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25 NS065745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 NS065745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32AG000255-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AG000255-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["W81XWH-151-0447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-151-0447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) may contribute to photophobia in migraine. We measured visual discomfort and pupil responses to cone and melanopsin stimulation\u2014the photoreceptor inputs to the ipRGCs\u2014in people with and without migraine. We find that people with migraine do not differ from those without headaches in how cone and melanopsin signals are weighted and combined to produce visual discomfort. Instead, migraine is associated with amplification of ipRGC signals for discomfort. This effect of migraine upon ipRGC signals is limited to photophobia, as we did not find an enhancement of pupil responses or a change in other behaviors linked to ipRGC function. Our findings suggest a postretinal amplification of ipRGC signals for photophobia in migraine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2007402117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T20:26:06Z","timestamp":1594067166000},"page":"17320-17329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Selective amplification of ipRGC signals accounts for interictal photophobia in migraine"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3752-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harrison","family":"McAdams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Igdalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0597-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edda B.","family":"Haggerty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Cucchiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9827-543X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H.","family":"Brainard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4028-3100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey K.","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3182474548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3283466c8e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1986.hed2609465.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1991.1103129.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1997.3708492.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1997.1707733.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1999.3908552.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2001.00178.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00600.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/88443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.20.001852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04999.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.133751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066480"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400942111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.4501001.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2003.00824.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.suppl_1.S20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410379890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/135062899394885"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Sensibilit\u00e0 alla luce e psicopatologia: Validazione del Questionario per la Valutazione della Fotosensibilit\u00e0 (Q.V.F.)","volume":"51","author":"Bossini L.","year":"2006","unstructured":"L. Bossini ., Sensibilit\u00e0 alla luce e psicopatologia: Validazione del Questionario per la Valutazione della Fotosensibilit\u00e0 (Q.V.F.). Med. Psicosom. 51, 167\u2013176 (2006).","journal-title":"Med. Psicosom."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"97","article-title":"A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms","volume":"4","author":"Horne J. A.","year":"1976","unstructured":"J. A. Horne, O. Ostberg, A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int. J. Chronobiol. 4, 97\u2013110 (1976).","journal-title":"Int. J. Chronobiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","volume-title":"Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire","author":"Rosenthal N. E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"N. E. Rosenthal, G. H. Bradt, T. A. Wehr, Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, (National Institute of Mental Health, Washington DC, 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2016.00060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3629243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06149.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.262782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252381000026X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05924.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/16.11.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711522114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44035-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.382349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.35.000B19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1505274112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002451"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00291.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1043-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.2.228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416673205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.706766"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008533107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420110510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8104-6-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.041006565.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1038-16.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1993.1305321.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2013.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1423-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01816-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419847749"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01822.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(82)90104-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","unstructured":"H. McAdams G. Frazzetta G. Aguirre Analysis code for pupil tracking data for the OLApproach_Squint project. GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/gkaguirrelab\/melSquintAnalysis. Deposited 3 June 2020."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2007402117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2007402117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T06:00:58Z","timestamp":1649829658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2007402117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2007402117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2007402117","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.04.17.047290","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}