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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glucose is converted to energy through \u201cfermentation\u201d or \u201coxidation.\u201d Generally, if oxygen is available, cells will oxidize glucose to CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    because it is more efficient than fermentation, which produces lactic acid. But Warburg noted that cancers ferment glucose at a \u201cremarkable\u201d rate even if O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is available! This \u201cWarburg Effect\u201d is still misunderstood because it doesn\u2019t make sense that a cell would ferment glucose when it could get much more energy by oxidizing it. The current paper goes to the heart of this problem by defining the microenvironmental conditions that exist in early cancers that would select for a Warburg Effect. 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