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Potentially, clonality simplifies efforts to understand social evolution in aphids by obviating issues of intragroup conflict. However, we report here high levels of clonal mixing and conflict in an aphid society. The gall-dwelling colonies of a social aphid species (\n                    <jats:italic>Pemphigus obesinymphae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are not pure clones, but are invaded by large numbers of aphids from other clones. Intruders behave and develop selfishly once they have invaded a colony of nonkin. They refrain from risky defensive behaviors and accelerate their own development into reproductive rather than defensive stages. This conditionality in the social life of\n                    <jats:italic>P. obesinymphae<\/jats:italic>\n                    reveals complex dynamics and a degree of behavioral plasticity not previously known in aphid societies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.201212698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1027679856000},"page":"12068-12071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Genetic conflict and conditional altruism in social aphid colonies"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Abbot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Withgott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1996.tb00741.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"333","volume":"45","author":"Aoki S","year":"1977","unstructured":"S Aoki Kontyu 45, 333\u2013334 (1977).","journal-title":"Kontyu"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"81","volume-title":"The Biology of Social Insects","author":"Hamilton W D","year":"1997","unstructured":"W D Hamilton The Biology of Social Insects, eds M D Breed, C D Michener, H E Evans (Westview, Boulder, CO), pp. 81\u2013102 (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01253902"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198577690.003.0010","volume-title":"Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations","author":"Foster W A","year":"1994","unstructured":"W A Foster, P A Northcott Plant Galls: Organisms, Interactions, Populations, ed M A J Williams (Clarendon, Oxford), pp. 161\u2013182 (1994)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35015552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35050087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00164069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1997.0664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"154","volume-title":"The Biology of Social Insects","author":"Aoki S","year":"1982","unstructured":"S Aoki The Biology of Social Insects, eds M D Breed, C D Michener, H E Evans (Westview, Boulder, CO), pp. 154\u2013158 (1982)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01237835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/73.3.327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(99)01722-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00088-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1996.0072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5419-6_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"J. 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