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The analysis of dietary plant microremains and proteins sheds new light on consumed exotic foods from South and East Asia during the second millennium BCE. We provide the earliest direct evidence in the Mediterranean to date for the consumption of sesame, soybean, probable banana, and turmeric. The recovery and identification of diverse foodstuffs using molecular and microscopic techniques enables a new understanding of the complexity of early trade routes and nascent globalization in the ancient Near East and raises questions about the long-term maintenance and continuity of this trade system into later periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014956117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T11:55:09Z","timestamp":1608724509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Exotic foods reveal contact between South Asia and the Near East during the second millennium BCE"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8892-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07743 Jena, Germany;"},{"name":"Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7425-5709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;"},{"name":"Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Altmann-Wendling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;"},{"name":"Institute for Egyptology, Julius-Maximilians-University W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9135-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Artzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4894-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario A. 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