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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Solar UV radiation (UVR) causes sunburn but initiates the first step of vitamin D synthesis, which is the formation of previtamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (pre-D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in skin. The gold standard for assessing vitamin D is serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    [25(OH)D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]. Public health advice for optimal solar exposure requires UVR wavelength-dependence (action spectrum) data on risks and benefits. An action spectrum for pre-D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    in human ex vivo skin was established over 30 y ago, but its validity has been questioned. We tested this action spectrum in healthy volunteers using serum 25(OH)D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    as the endpoint. Our analysis shows that the pre-D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    action spectrum can be improved with a systematic correction. This will result in better risk\u2013benefit calculations for public health advice on solar exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2015867118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T16:32:58Z","timestamp":1632760378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["A revised action spectrum for vitamin D synthesis by suberythemal UV radiation exposure in humans in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4163-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antony R.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. John\u2019s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3783-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylie A.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. John\u2019s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2155-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham I.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. John\u2019s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0124-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl P.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. John\u2019s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3711-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bibi","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Affairs, LEO Pharma, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8060-6413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Christian","family":"Wulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology D92, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9656-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Philipsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology D92, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17145014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1467-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70165-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8PP90060D"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"Erythema Reference Action Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose","author":"CIE","year":"1998","unstructured":"CIE, Erythema Reference Action Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose (Commission Internationale de l\u2019Eclairage, Vienna, Austria, 1998)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-2023(02)00205-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Wavelength dependence of skin cancer induction by ultraviolet irradiation of albino hairless mice","volume":"53","author":"de Gruijl F. 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