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By profiling the lung and colon transcriptome and lung proteome of nine patients who died of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in Wuhan, China, we obtained molecular insights into the host response to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, all samples had a low viral burden, a finding that suggests the patients\u2019 deaths may be due to uncontrolled host inflammatory processes rather than an active viral infection. 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