{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:53:00Z","timestamp":1783389180009,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Scrub typhus is a neglected tropical disease caused by the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Although\n                    <jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an emerging public health threat, its pathogenic mechanisms remain markedly understudied. Bacterial pathogens subvert host actin dynamics by encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) as effector proteins, which activate cellular Rho GTPases. Here, we identify a GEF domain within an\n                    <jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>\n                    protein that activates the host GTPase Rac1. While the overall shape of the GEF is similar to that of other bacterial effectors, the primary sequence, topology, and catalytic mechanism are completely distinct, suggesting convergent evolution. Our studies reveal a cryptic GEF domain encoded by\n                    <jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and provide the groundwork to probe the role of cytoskeletal modulation in this neglected pathogen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018163117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T20:25:43Z","timestamp":1605212743000},"page":"30380-30390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Crystal structure of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor encoded by the scrub typhus pathogen\n                    <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-9265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics &amp; Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics &amp; Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Blaise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics &amp; Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josie","family":"Bircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics &amp; Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Koleske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics &amp; Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hochstrasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics &amp; Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9625-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics &amp; Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00003-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.020604.150721"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. 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