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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Control of the COVID-19 pandemic has been impeded by the slow global uptake of targeted vaccines, emergence of more transmissible variants, and resistance to continuation of nonpharmaceutical interventions. Commonly used vaccines can have nonspecific immune effects, and several have been shown to have beneficial heterologous effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there is no science-based guidance on effective implementation of such heterologous vaccine interventions (HVIs) to counter the current or future pandemics. We modeled the effect of different HVI strategies on the winter 2020 COVID-19 wave in the United States, finding that targeting both elderly and nonelderly populations and intervening during pandemic growth phases (i.e., effective reproduction number &gt; 1) led to the greatest reduction in morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025448119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T16:25:16Z","timestamp":1641831916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Heterologous vaccination interventions to reduce pandemic morbidity and mortality: Modeling the US winter 2020 COVID-19 wave"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7590-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Hupert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065"},{"name":"Cornell Institute for Disease and Disaster Preparedness, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1362-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Mar\u00edn-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7405-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6507-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"\u00c1guas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2801-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas F.","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","unstructured":"N. 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