{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:34:07Z","timestamp":1790710447011,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD83618301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD83618301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Poor air quality is a global public health issue, contributing to millions of premature deaths per year worldwide. Low-cost air quality sensors are a promising tool to improve monitoring capabilities. In this study, we built and deployed a low-cost sensor network for emergency response during an extreme air quality event, the 2018 K\u012blauea Lower East Rift Zone eruption. This network was used to estimate fine-scale population exposures to multiple pollutants, to measure the chemical transformation of volcanic emissions, and to provide real-time observations as part of emergency management efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025540118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T16:41:32Z","timestamp":1624293692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Mapping pollution exposure and chemistry during an extreme air quality event (the 2018 K\u012blauea eruption) using a low-cost sensor network"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3820-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5111-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H.","family":"Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5177-1401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilene","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kohala Center, Waimea, Hawai\u2018i Island, HI 96743;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kohala Center, Waimea, Hawai\u2018i Island, HI 96743;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lacey","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai\u2018i at M\u0101noa, Honolulu, HI 96822"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2894-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colette L.","family":"Heald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6275-521X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse H.","family":"Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"100040","article-title":"No one knows which city has the highest concentration of fine particulate matter","volume":"3","author":"Martin R. V.","year":"2019","unstructured":"R. V. Martin ., No one knows which city has the highest concentration of fine particulate matter. Atmos. Environ. X 3, 100040 (2019).","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ. X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"B. Roueche The fog. The New Yorker (1950). https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/1950\/09\/30\/the-fog. Accessed 1 June 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Reassessment of the lethal London fog of 1952: Novel indicators of acute and chronic consequences of acute exposure to air pollution","volume":"109","author":"Bell M. L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"M. L. Bell, D. L. Davis, Reassessment of the lethal London fog of 1952: Novel indicators of acute and chronic consequences of acute exposure to air pollution. Environ. Health Perspect. 109 (suppl. 3), 389\u2013394 (2001).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","volume-title":"The Great Smog of India","author":"Singh S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Singh, The Great Smog of India (Penguin Random House India Private Limited, 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-017-0538-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30267-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014125"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13774"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Elias A. Jefferson Sutton \u201cSulfur dioxide emission rates from K\u012blauea Volcano Hawai\u2018i 2007\u20132010\u201d (Tech. Rep. 2012-1107 US Geological Survey 2012).","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr20121107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-14-00150.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2010.497440"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-19-0011.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117648"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2020.00036"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es4022602"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.266"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-13449-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.8b00079"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-15403-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b00282"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-315-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-709-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-291-2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03709"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2008.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2011.73.13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es506119x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL014744"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-8309-2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","unstructured":"Hawaii Department of Health Clean Air Branch Hawaii ambient air quality data. https:\/\/health.hawaii.gov\/cab\/hawaii-ambient-air-quality-data\/. Accessed 1 June 2021."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2025540118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2025540118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T08:52:03Z","timestamp":1649839923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2025540118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2025540118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2025540118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2025540118"}}