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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interferons induce cell-intrinsic responses associated with resistance to viral infection. To overcome the suppressive action of interferons and their effectors, viruses have evolved diverse mechanisms. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we report that the host cell N6-adenosine messenger RNA (mRNA) cap methylase, phosphorylated C-terminal domain interacting factor 1 (PCIF1), attenuates the antiviral response. We employed cell-based and in vitro biochemical assays to demonstrate that PCIF1 efficiently modifies VSV mRNA cap structures to m\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    Gpppm\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    and define the substrate requirements for this modification. Functional assays revealed that the PCIF1-dependent modification of VSV mRNA cap structures is inert with regard to mRNA stability, translation, and viral infectivity but attenuates the antiviral effects of the treatment of cells with interferon-\u03b2. Cells lacking PCIF1 or expressing a catalytically inactive PCIF1 exhibit an augmented inhibition of viral replication and gene expression following interferon-\u03b2 treatment. We further demonstrate that the mRNA cap structures of rabies and measles viruses are also modified by PCIF1 to m\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    Gpppm\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    . This work identifies a function of PCIF1 and cap-proximal m\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    in attenuation of the host response to VSV infection that likely extends to other viruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025769118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T15:40:34Z","timestamp":1626363634000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Methylation of viral mRNA cap structures by PCIF1 attenuates the antiviral activity of interferon-\u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4518-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Tartell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"},{"name":"Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Boulias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;"},{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7758-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella L.","family":"Brunsting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5648-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis-Marie","family":"Bloyet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7501-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Lieberman","family":"Greer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;"},{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean P. 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