{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:56:30Z","timestamp":1790128590334,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK103723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK103723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK120862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK120862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neurons have long been considered the main active cell type within the circuitry of the enteric nervous system (ENS), giving rise to a neurocentric paradigm that has tended to overlook the role of enteric glia as key regulators of gut motility. Understanding how simple synapse-level interactions give rise to complex, network-level behaviors remains a fundamental problem in neurogastroenterology. We show that enteric glia and neurons interact in a cell- and network-specific manner and that enteric glia display functional heterogeneity based on selective signaling with particular neuron subtypes and circuits belonging to overlapping ascending, descending, and circumferential pathways of the ENS. Enteric glia thus function as logic gates to modify neural network activity through purinergic and cholinergic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025938118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T17:35:12Z","timestamp":1633023312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Circuit-specific enteric glia regulate intestinal motor neurocircuits"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3715-8587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad M.","family":"Ahmadzai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;"},{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2346-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Seguella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology \u201cV. Erspamer,\u201d Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1145-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian D.","family":"Gulbransen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enteric glia","volume":"1","author":"Gulbransen B. D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"B. D. Gulbransen, Enteric glia. Colloq. Ser. Neuroglia Biol. Med. Physiol. Dis. 1, 1\u201370 (2014).","journal-title":"Colloq. Ser. Neuroglia Biol. Med. Physiol. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143762"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa7945"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4649"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0271-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03543-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.219519"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Fine structure of the myenteric plexus in the guinea-pig ileum","volume":"111","author":"Gabella G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"G. Gabella, Fine structure of the myenteric plexus in the guinea-pig ileum. J. Anat. 111, 69\u201397 (1972).","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.32"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01958-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M505843200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.278.4.G644"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490340104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01302.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2015.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00155.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"iv15","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system","volume":"47","author":"Costa M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"M. Costa, S. J. H. Brookes, G. W. Hennig, Anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system. Gut 47, iv15\u2013iv19 (2000).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90071-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-05-02854.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-04013.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9352854"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(00)00130-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00048.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00275-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","first-page":"G529","article-title":"Analysis of fast synaptic pathways in myenteric plexus of guinea pig ileum","volume":"276","author":"LePard K. J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"K. J. LePard, J. J. Galligan, Analysis of fast synaptic pathways in myenteric plexus of guinea pig ileum. Am. J. Physiol. 276, G529\u2013G538 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2679"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.261289"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67844-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00252.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90234-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.32237"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm14165"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","first-page":"594","article-title":"Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Taiwan: Questionnaire-based survey for adults based on the Rome III criteria","volume":"21","author":"Chang F.-Y.","year":"2012","unstructured":"F.-Y. Chang ., Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Taiwan: Questionnaire-based survey for adults based on the Rome III criteria. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 21, 594\u2013600 (2012).","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-03-01049.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00142-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00067.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81571-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720267115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00420.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071714-033954"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academies Press, Washington, DC, ed. 8, 2011).","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013942"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00507.2016"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2025938118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2025938118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T08:55:57Z","timestamp":1649840157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2025938118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2025938118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2025938118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2025938118"}}