{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:11:25Z","timestamp":1791429085645,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the most prominent model for the molecular and cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Two main forms of LTP have been distinguished. The\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -methyl-\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -aspartate-receptor-dependent forms of LTP have been studied most extensively, whereas much less is known about\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -methyl-\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -aspartate-receptor-independent forms of LTP. This latter type of LTP was first described at the mossy fiber synapses in the hippocampus and subsequently at parallel fiber synapses in the cerebellum as well as at corticothalamic synapses. These presynaptic forms of LTP require a rise in the intraterminal calcium concentration, but the channel through which calcium passes has not been identified. By using pharmacological tools as well as genetic deletion, we demonstrate here that \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>1E<\/jats:sub>\n                    -containing voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) shift the threshold for mossy fiber LTP. The channel is not involved in the expression mechanism, but it contributes to the calcium influx during the induction phase. Indeed, optical recordings directly show the presence and the function of \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>1E<\/jats:sub>\n                    -containing VDCCs at mossy fiber terminals. Hence, a previously undescribed role for \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>1E<\/jats:sub>\n                    -containing VDCCs is suggested by these results.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2035117100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,14]],"date-time":"2003-10-14T15:05:46Z","timestamp":1066143946000},"page":"12450-12455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["\u03b1\n                    <sub>1E<\/sub>\n                    -Containing Ca\n                    <sup>2+<\/sup>\n                    channels are involved in synaptic plasticity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Breustedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center at the Charit\u00e9, Humboldt-University, Schumannstrasse 20\/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. E.","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center at the Charit\u00e9, Humboldt-University, Schumannstrasse 20\/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center at the Charit\u00e9, Humboldt-University, Schumannstrasse 20\/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Nicoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center at the Charit\u00e9, Humboldt-University, Schumannstrasse 20\/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center at the Charit\u00e9, Humboldt-University, Schumannstrasse 20\/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; and Departments of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361031a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5435.1870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90451-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2114039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199106000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80141-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/376256a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90269-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/46290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(95)00115-M"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/83941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/10180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377115a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.63.3.463"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7916482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90401-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-09-03186.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb11286.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8388125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-10-06419.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00514-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-23-08566.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1057105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00164-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-22-08715.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi981255g"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.020677"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(91)90121-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-02-00523.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0497p.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(93)90010-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90185-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(97)00086-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"165","volume":"3","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jung, M. 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