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When we tested key factors causing language attrition among Papua New Guinean students speaking 392 different indigenous languages, we found an unexpectedly rapid decline in their language skills compared to their parents and predicted further acceleration of language loss in the next generation. Language attrition was accompanied by decline in the traditional knowledge of nature among the students, pointing to an uncertain future for languages and biocultural knowledge in the most linguistically diverse place on Earth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100096118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T16:45:23Z","timestamp":1622047523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Language and ethnobiological skills decline precipitously in Papua New Guinea, the world\u2019s most linguistically diverse nation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Alfred","family":"Kik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37011 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;"},{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of Goroka, 441 Goroka, Papua New Guinea;"},{"name":"Biology Centre, Czech Academy of 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