{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:11:15Z","timestamp":1793315475555,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"DH | National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB021336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB021336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"DH | National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA014520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA014520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bone fracture represents a significant problem in public health. State-of-the-art clinical study demonstrated that by correlating the stimulation amplitude and frequency directly to dynamic locomotion, biofeedback electrostimulation therapy is particularly effective compared to conventional continuous electrostimulation for postoperative therapy and rehabilitation after musculoskeletal injury. However, implementation of biofeedback still relies on complex electronics and sensing systems, which largely limits its accessibility to patients. Here we developed a self-powered implantable and bioresorbable device that directly applies biofeedback electrostimulations to the treatment of bone fracture. The electrostimulation signals are generated solely from relevant body motions, providing a closed-loop biofeedback therapy bringing rapid healing to fractures. This device is self-responsive, battery free, and requires no surgical removal after fulfilling the biomedical intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100772118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T15:46:16Z","timestamp":1625586376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["A self-powered implantable and bioresorbable electrostimulation device for biofeedback bone fracture healing"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Guang","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706;"},{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China;"},{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, the Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8729-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53705"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0077-727X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuicui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706;"},{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangning","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weina","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weibo","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53705"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China;"},{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, the Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xudong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0339-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S138000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/550S193a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05319-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3154-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19344"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13759"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12873"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16646-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-020-0204-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"e34","article-title":"Electrical stimulation in bone healing: Critical analysis by evaluating levels of evidence","volume":"11","author":"Griffin M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"M. Griffin, A. Bayat, Electrical stimulation in bone healing: Critical analysis by evaluating levels of evidence. Eplasty 11, e34 (2011).","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2018.2799189"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0649-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0093-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-9977-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay7608"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b03912"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b07038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.02.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE02711J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0336-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl300988z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2834"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aat2516"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b01968"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0196-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501478"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100020115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","volume-title":"Clinical Laboratory Parameters for Crl:CD(SD) Rats","author":"Giknis M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"M. Giknis, C. Clifford, Clinical Laboratory Parameters for Crl:CD(SD) Rats (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, 2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07764-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2009.2691"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250040103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318287697c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.2009.001800"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"The research condition of application of electrical stimulation on fracture healing","volume":"40","author":"Wang Z.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Z. Wang, S. Hou, The research condition of application of electrical stimulation on fracture healing. Chin. J. Med. 40, 51\u201353 (2005).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24170"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(03)02866-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","first-page":"627","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation","volume":"4","author":"Hajian-Tilaki K.","year":"2013","unstructured":"K. Hajian-Tilaki, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for medical diagnostic test evaluation. Caspian J. Intern. Med. 4, 627\u2013635 (2013).","journal-title":"Caspian J. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2100772118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2100772118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T08:33:47Z","timestamp":1649838827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2100772118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"28","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2100772118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2100772118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2100772118"}}