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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mammalian cells equalize X-linked dosages between the male (XY) and female (XX) sexes by silencing one X chromosome in the female sex. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) requires the X inactivation center (\n                    <jats:italic>Xic<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which spans several hundred kilobases in the mouse and includes several required noncoding genes. Over three decades, transgenic and deletional analyses have demonstrated that the\n                    <jats:italic>Xic<\/jats:italic>\n                    is both necessary and sufficient to induce X chromosome counting, choice, and the initiation of whole-chromosome silencing. However, one recent study reported that deleting the noncoding\n                    <jats:italic>Xic<\/jats:italic>\n                    surprisingly had no effect on counting or initiation of XCI. Here, we revisited the question, created independent\n                    <jats:italic>Xic<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion lines, and reaffirmed the essential nature of the\n                    <jats:italic>Xic<\/jats:italic>\n                    for counting and X chromosome silencing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102683118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T16:48:00Z","timestamp":1623689280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Revisiting the consequences of deleting the X inactivation center"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-2509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114;"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3412-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114;"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannie T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114;"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/190372a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.025908"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3231"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110711-155454"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10707.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/31275"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/O09-040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0325"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0305-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-0558-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/349082a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80079-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3836"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90520-M"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.11.1713"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.9004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/7734"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80248-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng820"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00063-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002248"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq516"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8935-6-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0774-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007378"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","first-page":"3875","article-title":"En bloc and segmental deletions of human XIST reveal X chromosome inactivation-involving RNA elements","volume":"47","author":"Lee H. 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