{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:29:31Z","timestamp":1790821771391,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI132507-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI132507-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI132507-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI132507-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002570","name":"American Association of Immunologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002570","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes is usually required to make antibodies that protect us from foreign and toxic substances. This mutational process is mediated by activation-induced deaminase (AID) and is targeted to the variable (V) part of the Ig genes that encode the antigen-binding site of antibody molecules, leading to higher affinity and more effective antibodies. AID acts on single-stranded DNA that is created during the transcription of the V region. Here, we show that multiple factors that are involved in the release, from pausing to elongation of transcription, contribute to the hypermutation process, supporting the likelihood that transcriptional pausing and elongation make V region single-stranded DNA available to AID-induced mutations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104013118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T16:29:39Z","timestamp":1626107379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Role of Dot1L and H3K79 methylation in regulating somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda B.","family":"Baughn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"MacCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Scharff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00438"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0730835100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131512"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305859110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz821"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121523"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800267-4.00007-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13580"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00772-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0076-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-015-0570-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1420575111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171738"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202051184"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80651-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500788112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.6.1717"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002518"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0010-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature714"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5137"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030569"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-12-818948"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01157"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161649"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. D. Casill . Spatial organization of transcript elongation and splicing kinetics. https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.01.28.428713v1 (2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.28.428713"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2057811"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/trns.24556"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10844-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.316810.118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201693958"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01760"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02821"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.02375-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408135200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051604"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav8912"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.002541"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.9.4639"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.506550"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401849"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400433"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001075117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03387-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02315-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.02076-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Yu Z. Duan T. MacCarthy M. D. Scharff Role of Dot1L and H3K79 methylation in regulating somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Gene Expression Omnibus. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/geo\/query\/acc.cgi?acc=GSE167873. Deposited 27 February 2021.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104013118"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2104013118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2104013118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T08:40:44Z","timestamp":1649839244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2104013118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2104013118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2104013118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2104013118"}}