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A major barrier to successful phage therapy is that bacteria readily evolve phage resistance. One idea proposed to combat resistance is \u201ctraining\u201d phages by using their natural capacity to evolve to counter resistance. Here, we show that training phages by coevolving them with their hosts for 1 mo repeatably enhances their capacity for suppressing bacterial growth and delays the emergence of resistance. Enhanced suppression was caused by several mechanisms, suggesting that the coevolutionary training protocol produces a robust therapeutic that employs complementary modes of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104592118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T15:47:34Z","timestamp":1622735254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Coevolutionary phage training leads to greater bacterial suppression and delays the evolution of phage resistance"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9086-3381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Borin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3622-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarit","family":"Avrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and The Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0888-7358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey E.","family":"Barrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6912-8289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093;"},{"name":"Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 145-0061 Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5566-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin R.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","unstructured":"Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance \u201cNo time to wait: Securing the future from drug-resistant infections. 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