{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:33:37Z","timestamp":1785202417449,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that reduce the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines is a major threat to pandemic control. We evaluate a SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain ferritin nanoparticle protein vaccine (RFN) in a nonhuman primate challenge model that addresses the need for a next-generation vaccine with increased pan-SARS breadth of coverage. RFN, adjuvanted with a liposomal-QS21 formulation (ALFQ), elicits humoral and cellular immune responses with excellent breadth and potency against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and SARS-CoV-1, and protects against high-dose respiratory tract challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Our results support consideration of RFN for vaccine development against multiple concerning members of the Sarbecovirus subgenus of\n                    <jats:italic>Betacoronaviruses<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106433118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T15:25:14Z","timestamp":1630509914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Efficacy and breadth of adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine in macaques"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Hannah A. D.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6808-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Gordon","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Lakhal-Naouar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"},{"name":"Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslaa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Macedo","family":"Cincotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"},{"name":"Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5272-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Subra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8568-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina K.","family":"Peachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly R.","family":"Hack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"},{"name":"Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita E.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul V.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeshwer S.","family":"Sankhala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Hajduczki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7755-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline E.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4967-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William C.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0243-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misook","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5809-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarrett A.","family":"Headley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne A.","family":"Elyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn McGuckin","family":"Wuertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Swafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Currier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8970-0198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerri G.","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2696-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihret F.","family":"Amare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Dussupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Molnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon P.","family":"Daye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiankun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica K.","family":"Barkei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6031-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra","family":"Alfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary M.","family":"Staples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7046-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly J.","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1407-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Paquin-Proulx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7372-4294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicos","family":"Karasavvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"},{"name":"Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria R.","family":"Polonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda L.","family":"Jagodzinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6378-6288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandhya","family":"Vasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2348-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul T.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5994-3957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj S.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1506-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"de Val","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130;"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7852-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mangala","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary R.","family":"Matyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4576-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Gromowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila A.","family":"Peel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5882-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson L.","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayvon","family":"Modjarrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1897-499X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane L.","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;"},{"name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32661-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101765"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. L. Bernal . Early effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and ChAdOx1 adenovirus vector vaccine on symptomatic disease hospitalisations and mortality in older adults in England. medRxiv [Preprint] (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.01.21252652 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.01.21252652"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","volume-title":"Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine","author":"National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2020","unstructured":"National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine (National Academies Press, 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. R. Ortiz . The operational impact of deploying SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in countries of the WHO African Region. medRxiv [Preprint] (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.08.13.20147595 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.13.20147595"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003138117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02615-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010134"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9110917"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03275-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6284"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00641-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Huang . Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 VOC 501Y.V2 by human antisera elicited by both inactivated BBIBP-CorV and recombinant dimeric RBD ZF2001 vaccines. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.02.01.429069 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.01.429069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03398-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2349-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc7424"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c08379"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20654-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. He . Self-assembling nanoparticles presenting receptor binding domain and stabilized spike as next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.14.296715 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.14.296715"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00230-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2020.1745636"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","unstructured":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Influenza HA ferritin vaccine alone or in prime-boost regimens with an influenza DNA vaccine in healthy adults. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03186781. Accessed 4 April 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","unstructured":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Dose safety tolerability and immunogenicity of an influenza H1 stabilized stem ferritin vaccine VRCFLUNPF099-00-VP in healthy adults. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03814720. Accessed 4 April 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","unstructured":"US Army Medical Research and Development Command A trial for the study of falciparum malaria protein 013 administered via intramuscular injection in healthy adults. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04268420. Accessed 4 April 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113425"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0161-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2018.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2196-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2571-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03324-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Wu . mRNA-1273 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against spike mutants from global SARS-CoV-2 variants. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.01.25.427948 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.25.427948"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2102017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15562-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03594-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00658-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024671"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. B. Vogel . A prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike RNA vaccine is highly immunogenic and prevents lung infection in non-human primates. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.09.08.280818 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.08.280818"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2607-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20653-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.10.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100230"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. S. Corbett . Immune correlates of protection by mRNA-1273 immunization against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.20.440647 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.20.440647"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02107-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. G. Joyce . SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccines elicit broad SARS coronavirus immunogenicity. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.05.09.443331 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab466.762"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. M. Carmen . A spike-ferritin nanoparticle vaccine induces robust innate immune activity and drives polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.28.441763 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.28.441763"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. G. Joyce . Efficacy of a broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine in nonhuman primates. bioRxiv [Other] (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.24.436523 (Accessed 4 April 2021).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.24.436523"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"1996","unstructured":"National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academies Press, Washington, DC, ed. 7, 1996).","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.142362"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2010.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2019.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016142"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2106433118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T08:21:44Z","timestamp":1649838104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2106433118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2106433118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2106433118","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.04.09.439166","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2106433118"}}