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Here, we introduce Low-cost Electrochemical Advanced Diagnostic (LEAD), a diagnostic test that detects SARS-CoV-2 within 6.5 min, costs $1.50 per unit, and uses easily assembled materials such as human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, modified graphite leads, and a plastic vial. LEAD presents sensitivity comparable to the gold-standard methods (limit of detection for the viral spike protein = 229 fg\u22c5mL\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and displays an excellent performance profile when tested using clinical saliva (100.0% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, 100.0% accuracy) and nasopharyngeal\/oropharyngeal (88.7% sensitivity, 86.0% specificity, 87.4% accuracy) samples. Finally, no cross-reactivity with other viruses was detected and the test displayed a viable shelf-life of 5 d when stored at 4 \u00b0C.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106724118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T15:50:20Z","timestamp":1625845820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Minute-scale detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a low-cost biosensor composed of pencil graphite electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9734-7251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas F.","family":"de Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3793-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 L.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6165-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo D. 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