{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:26:02Z","timestamp":1790925962198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L018985\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L018985\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The threat to public health that is presented by zoonotic spillover of pathogens from animal reservoirs is predicted to increase with rapid anthropogenic changes and global trends such as migration and changing land use. Schistosomiasis currently infects more than 220 million people worldwide, and the multihost\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. system within Africa is a key example of where spillover of animal parasites into human populations has enabled the formation of viable hybrid parasite genotypes. Our study demonstrates how zoonotic spillover and complex interactions between pathogen species, such as parasite hybridization, may have implications such as resilience to current disease control strategies and may facilitate the spread of tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis beyond their original geographical boundaries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2110711118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T18:36:45Z","timestamp":1633545405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Spillover, hybridization, and persistence in schistosome transmission dynamics at the human\u2013animal interface"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Borlase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3031-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W.","family":"Rudge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Policy Research Group, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"L\u00e9ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas D.","family":"Diouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de Formation Agricole et Rurale, Universit\u00e9 de Thi\u00e8s, Bambey BP 54, Senegal;"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques, d\u2019Aquaculture et de Technologies Alimentaires, Universit\u00e9 Gaston Berger, BP 32000 Saint-Louis, Senegal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheikh B.","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Parasitologie \u2013 Mycologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005 Dakar, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samba D.","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de Formation Agricole et Rurale, Universit\u00e9 de Thi\u00e8s, Bambey BP 54, Senegal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7827-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariama","family":"S\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques, d\u2019Aquaculture et de Technologies Alimentaires, Universit\u00e9 Gaston Berger, BP 32000 Saint-Louis, Senegal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8616-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne P.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0889"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-012-0808-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13306"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes1010102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10590501.2014.941279"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12529"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32130-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"681","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Number of people treated in 2017","volume":"93","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases: Number of people treated in 2017. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 93, 681\u2013692 (2018).","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000062545"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Animal schistosomiasis in Africa: A review of Schistosoma bovis and Schistosoma mattheei","volume":"43","author":"Hussein M. F.","year":"1973","unstructured":"M. F. Hussein, Animal schistosomiasis in Africa: A review of Schistosoma bovis and Schistosoma mattheei. Vet. Bull. Weybridge 43, 341\u2013347 (1973).","journal-title":"Vet. Bull. Weybridge"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(75)90132-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30129-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000571"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw493"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3381-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007543"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00175-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050306"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/683173"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.010317"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.2736"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60561-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Preventative chemotherapy databank. https:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/preventive_chemotherapy\/sch\/en. Accessed 1 September 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.1370"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004957"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14830"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198545996.001.0001","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control","author":"Anderson R. M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"R. M. Anderson, R. M. May, Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msz154"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","unstructured":"J. Kincaid-Smith . Whole genome sequencing and morphological analysis of the human-infecting schistosome emerging in Europe reveals a complex admixture between Schistosoma. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2018). https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/387969v1 (Accessed 1 September 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2019.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2212.160644"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00382422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003003597"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000081038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001001342"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221509110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2006.01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12341"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trx047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018001154"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","unstructured":"N. S. Y. Mdoe \u201cLivestock and agricultural development in Zanzibar post-tsetse eradication: A follow-up scoioeconomic study\u201d (Draft report prepared for IAEA Vienna 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(77)90030-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000079269"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90087-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"The epidemiology of human and animal schistosomiasis in the Senegal River Basin","volume":"42","author":"Vercruysse J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"J. Vercruysse, V. R. Southgate, D. Rollinson, The epidemiology of human and animal schistosomiasis in the Senegal River Basin. Acta Trop. 42, 249\u2013259 (1985).","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Diffusion de la bilharziose chez les bovins, ovins et caprins en Mauritanie et dans la vall\u00e9e du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal","volume":"145","author":"Marill F. G.","year":"1961","unstructured":"F. G. Marill, Diffusion de la bilharziose chez les bovins, ovins et caprins en Mauritanie et dans la vall\u00e9e du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Bull. Acad Natl. Med. 145, 147\u2013150 (1961).","journal-title":"Bull. Acad Natl. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2339"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2110711118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2110711118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T00:37:41Z","timestamp":1699576661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2110711118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2110711118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2110711118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2110711118"}}