{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:16:45Z","timestamp":1790468205039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AST-1800975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AST-1800975"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL 3342\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL 3342\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Methanediol [CH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] represents a pivotal atmospheric volatile organic compound and plays a fundamental role in aerosol growth. Although sought for decades, methanediol has never been identified due to the inherent dehydration tendency of two adjacent hydroxyl groups (OH) at the same carbon atom. Here, we prepare and identify methanediol via processing of low-temperature ices followed by sublimation into the gas phase. These findings open up a concept to synthesize and characterize unstable geminal diols\u2014critical organic transients in Earth\u2019s atmosphere. The excited state dynamics of oxygen may also lead to methanediol in methanol-rich interstellar ices in cold molecular clouds, followed by sublimation in star-forming regions and prospective detection of these reactive intermediates in the gas phase by radiotelescopes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111938119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,30]],"date-time":"2021-12-30T11:27:38Z","timestamp":1640863658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Synthesis of methanediol [CH\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    (OH)\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    ]: The simplest geminal diol"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"},{"name":"W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1767-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. Fabian","family":"Kleimeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"},{"name":"W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"},{"name":"W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"},{"name":"W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4716-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Fortenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, MS 38677"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7256-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf I.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"},{"name":"W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912121107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp502126m"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03462-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","volume-title":"Formaldehyde","author":"Walker J.","year":"1964","unstructured":"J. Walker, Formaldehyde (Reinhold, New York, 1964)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(99)00498-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(02)00358-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Chemical equilibrium of formaldehyde and methanediol in hot water: Free-energy analysis of the solvent effect","volume":"134","author":"Matubayasi N.","year":"2007","unstructured":"N. Matubayasi, S. Morooka, M. Nakahara, H. Takahashi, Chemical equilibrium of formaldehyde and methanediol in hot water: Free-energy analysis of the solvent effect. J. Mol. Fluid. 134, 58\u201363 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Fluid."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-461X(1996)58:1<47::AID-QUA6>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1596392"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b07642"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"B. Ruscic D. H. Bross Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) values based on ver. 1.122g of the thermochemical network. (Argonne National Laboratory 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00062a046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1213229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP04149F"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0104(94)85021-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/staa1875"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464387"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511296"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4759619"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp400753r"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B511052C"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00601B"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/305572"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4704767"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b02846"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.7b01864"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.8b01773"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jms.2019.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/v63-142"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b11403-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.astro.46.060407.145211"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.85.1021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006513928588"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2101314118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jz400692r"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2111938119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2111938119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T08:18:04Z","timestamp":1649837884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2111938119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2111938119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2111938119","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2111938119"}}