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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The tetrapod vertebral skeleton is subdivided into distinct regions that are determined by spatial expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes in the early embryo. Fishes are thought to lack comparable regionalization, but the relationship between anatomy and\n                    <jats:italic>hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression has not been tested beyond tetrapods. By comparing vertebral morphology with embryonic\n                    <jats:italic>hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in a cartilaginous fish, the skate (\n                    <jats:italic>Leucoraja erinacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), we found that the skate vertebral column is regionalized, with regional transitions predicted by embryonic\n                    <jats:italic>hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression patterns. This discovery points to an origin of nested\n                    <jats:italic>hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression and\n                    <jats:italic>hox<\/jats:italic>\n                    -based vertebral regionalization at the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2114563118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T16:27:48Z","timestamp":1639412868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["<i>hox<\/i>\n                    gene expression predicts tetrapod-like axial regionalization in the skate,\n                    <i>Leucoraja erinacea<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4004-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine E.","family":"Criswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy E.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve T.","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2062-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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