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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Over half the world\u2019s population is at risk for viruses transmitted by\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes, such as dengue and Zika. The primary vector,\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    , thrives in urban environments. Despite decades of effort, cases and geographic range of\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                    -borne viruses (ABVs) continue to expand. Rigorously proven vector control interventions that measure protective efficacy against ABV diseases are limited to\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a single trial in Indonesia and do not include any chemical intervention. Spatial repellents, a new option for efficient deployment, are designed to decrease human exposure to ABVs by releasing active ingredients into the air that disrupt mosquito\u2013human contact. A parallel, cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in Iquitos, Peru, to quantify the impact of a transfluthrin-based spatial repellent on human ABV infection. From 2,907 households across 26 clusters (13 per arm), 1,578 participants were assessed for seroconversion (primary endpoint) by survival analysis. Incidence of acute disease was calculated among 16,683 participants (secondary endpoint). Adult mosquito collections were conducted to compare\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance, blood-fed rate, and parity status through mixed-effect difference-in-difference analyses. The spatial repellent significantly reduced ABV infection by 34.1% (one-sided 95% CI lower limit, 6.9%; one-sided\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    value = 0.0236, z = 1.98).\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance and blood-fed rates were significantly reduced by 28.6 (95% CI 24.1%, \u221e); z = \u22129.11) and 12.4% (95% CI 4.2%, \u221e);\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22122.43), respectively. Our trial provides conclusive statistical evidence from an appropriately powered, preplanned cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial of the impact of a chemical intervention, in this case a spatial repellent, to reduce the risk of ABV transmission compared to a placebo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2118283119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T14:24:13Z","timestamp":1655994253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Efficacy of a spatial repellent for control of\n                    <i>Aedes<\/i>\n                    -borne virus transmission: A cluster-randomized trial in Iquitos, Peru"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Amy C.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"},{"name":"Department of Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru, Washington, DC 20521-3230"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert C.","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8630-1378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William H.","family":"Elson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6984-7849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helvio","family":"Astete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru, Washington, DC 20521-3230"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5112-6074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru, Washington, DC 20521-3230"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"del Aguila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Saneamiento Ambiental, 16000 Iquitos, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Bazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru, Washington, DC 20521-3230"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3161-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystyan","family":"Siles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru, Washington, DC 20521-3230"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru, Washington, DC 20521-3230"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0499-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna B.","family":"Kawiecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gissella M.","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru, Washington, DC 20521-3230"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Escobedo-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Lima, Peru, Washington, DC 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