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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lymphatic filariasis caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Brugia malayi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Brugia timori<\/jats:italic>\n                    affects 51 million people, leading to severe physical and mental disabilities. A mutualistic symbiosis between these filarial nematodes and\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria has been exploited as a new curative treatment. Epidemiological modeling of anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment assumes that transmission persists due to the lag phase before microfilariae (mf) become removed from circulation.\u00a0Here, we show that\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -depleted mf cannot develop within the mosquito vector\u2014a phenotype associated with down-regulation of\n                    <jats:italic>B. malayi<\/jats:italic>\n                    mf-specific chitinase, an enzyme essential for exsheathment. Our findings add to the broad range of host biological processes dependent on\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and suggest that anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment mediates a more accelerated impact on elimination of lymphatic filariasis than currently predicted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2120003119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T15:27:16Z","timestamp":1649086036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["<i>Wolbachia<\/i>\n                    depletion blocks transmission of lymphatic filariasis by preventing chitinase-dependent parasite exsheathment"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Shannon","family":"Quek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren A. 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