{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:11:05Z","timestamp":1792789865177,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance","award":["500158\/Z\/09\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["500158\/Z\/09\/Z"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2046120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2046120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007089","name":"Raymond and Beverly Sackler Institute for Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Yale University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pierre W. Hoge Foundation Fund","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Alpheus B. Stickney Scholarship Fund","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005879","name":"TIFR | National Centre for Biological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hand skills rely on the precision grip to hold objects with the fingertips. In rare instances, our finger\u2019s joints undergo a form of buckling when we push with the fingertip and snap into hyperextension. Suppressing this instability is crucial for hand use, but how the nervous system avoids buckling is unknown. We studied people applying forces with the tip of their index fingers and found that the nervous system relies on the spring-like action of muscles for stability. The muscles cocontract to stabilize the joints but reduce the strength and compliance of our fingers. Thus, the motor skill of precision grip arises from the careful control of muscle cocontraction to balance the trade-off between finger stability, strength, and flexibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2122903119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T14:30:41Z","timestamp":1647441041000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Finger stability in precision grips"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1631-5918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neelima","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5754-7478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhusudhan","family":"Venkadesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.38B4.902"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199701)102:1<91::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat2369"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0414"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Robotics and Automation Handbook","author":"Hogan N.","year":"2018","unstructured":"N. Hogan, S. P. Buerger, \u201cImpedance and interaction control\u201d in Robotics and Automation Handbook, T. R. Kurfess, Ed. (CRC, 2018), pp. 375\u2013398."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315136370"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027836498700600101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2000.844081"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2000.844067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222890109603150"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechsol.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-6670(17)66592-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1981.4308708"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1989.100076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/70.611319"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35106566"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2826-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1097"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Gellman A. Ruina A longer stance is more stable for a standing horse. bioRxiv [Preprint] (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.10.15.464610. Accessed 17 January 2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.10.15.464610"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4993-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00184-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199807000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.19710121.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.3.1469"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90324.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010613"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2796052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00082-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Effects of neuromuscular lags on controlling contact transitions","volume":"367","author":"Venkadesan M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"M. Venkadesan, F. J. Valero-Cuevas, Effects of neuromuscular lags on controlling contact transitions. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 367, 1163\u20131179 (2009).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10181-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5856-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0116-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93921-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.3.1307"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/56.800"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Robotics: Science and Systems","author":"Kazemi M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"M. Kazemi, J. S. Valois, J. A. Bagnell, N. Pollard, \u201cRobust object grasping using force compliant motion primitives\u201d in Robotics: Science and Systems (MIT Press, 2012), pp. 177\u2013185."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01265.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2016.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704328114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/49957"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2010.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R, Version 1.1.463","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2016","unstructured":"RStudio Team, RStudio: Integrated Development for R, Version 1.1.463 (RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA, 2016)."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2122903119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T07:58:00Z","timestamp":1649836680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2122903119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2122903119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2122903119","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.12.04.470276","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2122903119"}}