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Furthermore, marked differences in gene expression exist between different PFC regions (&gt;5-fold; cocaine and amphetamine\u2013regulated transcript peptide) as well as between PFC regions and reference regions, for example, for somatostatin and several receptors. We suggest that the present approach allows definition of, still hypothetical, microcircuits exemplified by glutamatergic neurons expressing a peptide cotransmitter either as an agonist (hypocretin\/orexin) or antagonist (galanin). Specific neuropeptide receptors have been identified as possible targets for neuronal afferents and, interestingly, peripheral blood-borne peptide hormones (leptin, adiponectin, gastric inhibitory peptide, glucagon-like peptides, and peptide YY). Together with other recent publications, our results support the view that neuropeptide systems may play an important role in hPFC and underpin the concept that neuropeptide signaling helps stabilize circuit connectivity and fine-tune\/modulate PFC functions executed during health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2123146119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T13:41:07Z","timestamp":1660138867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The neuropeptide landscape of human prefrontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7422-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute 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