{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:37:55Z","timestamp":1791077875070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tetraspanins encode a large conserved family of proteins that span the membrane four times and are expressed in a variety of eukaryotic tissues. They are part of membrane complexes that are involved in such diverse processes as intracellular signaling, cellular motility, metastasis, and tumor suppression. The single fly tetraspanin characterized to date, late bloomer (\n                    <jats:italic>lbm<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), is expressed on the axons, terminal arbors, and growth cones of motoneurons. In embryos lacking Lbm protein, motoneurons reach their muscle targets, but initially fail to form synaptic terminals. During larval stages, however, functional contacts are formed. The newly available genomic sequence of\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    indicates the existence of 34 additional members of the tetraspanin family in the fly. To address the possibility that other tetraspanins with functions that might compensate for a lack of\n                    <jats:italic>lbm<\/jats:italic>\n                    exist, we determined the expression domains of the\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    tetraspanin gene family members by RNA\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysis. We found two other tetraspanins also expressed in motoneurons and subsequently generated a small chromosomal deletion that removes all three motoneuron-specific tetraspanins. The deletion results in a significant enhancement in the\n                    <jats:italic>lbm<\/jats:italic>\n                    phenotype, indicating that the two additional motoneuron-expressed tetraspanins can, at least in part, compensate for the absence of\n                    <jats:italic>lbm<\/jats:italic>\n                    during the formation of the embryonic synapse.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212511099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,15]],"date-time":"2002-10-15T12:43:03Z","timestamp":1034685783000},"page":"13663-13668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Genomewide analysis of the\n                    <i>Drosophila<\/i>\n                    tetraspanins reveals a subset with similar function in the formation of the embryonic synapse"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Lee G.","family":"Fradkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Medisch-Genetisch Centrum Zuid-west Nederland, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica T.","family":"Kamphorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Medisch-Genetisch Centrum Zuid-west Nederland, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"DiAntonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Medisch-Genetisch Centrum Zuid-west Nederland, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey S.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Medisch-Genetisch Centrum Zuid-west Nederland, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasprina N.","family":"Noordermeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Medisch-Genetisch Centrum Zuid-west Nederland, Leiden University Medical Center, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(97)01233-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(93)90140-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80126-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80122-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80276-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.11.6.9194523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200108061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.23.4143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00125-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0014-2956.2001.02741.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.2.433"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-08-02756.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-01-00562.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(98)00087-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0732600.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01429-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200009280-00027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00436-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.11.1871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/72829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.2.295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000046471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903160110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5257.1867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.9973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2000.00222.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00291041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)60927-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Drosophila: A Practical Approach","author":"Wieschaus E","year":"1986","unstructured":"E Wieschaus, C Nusslein-Volhard Drosophila: A Practical Approach, ed D B Roberts (IRL, Oxford, U.K.), pp. 199\u2013227 (1986)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","volume-title":"Atlas of Drosophila Development","author":"Hartenstein V","year":"1993","unstructured":"V Hartenstein Atlas of Drosophila Development (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 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