{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:07:37Z","timestamp":1791223657417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Arterial inflammatory responses are thought to be a significant\n component of atherosclerotic disease. We describe here, using a\n transgenic approach, the mutual perpetuation of immune-mediated\n arterial inflammation and cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. Mice\n expressing the bacterial transgene \u03b2-galactosidase exclusively in\n cardiomyocytes and in smooth muscle cells in lung arteries and the\n aorta (SM-LacZ), and hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-deficient\n SM-LacZ mice (SM-LacZ\/apoE\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) developed myocarditis\n and arteritis after immunization with dendritic cells presenting a\n \u03b2-galactosidase-derived immunogenic peptide. Hypercholesterolemia\n amplified acute arteritis and perpetuated chronic arterial inflammation\n in SM-LacZ\/apoE\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, but had no major impact on\n acute myocarditis or the subsequent development of dilated\n cardiomyopathy. Conversely, arteritis significantly accelerated\n cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis. Taken together, these data\n demonstrate that the linkage of immune-mediated arteritis and\n hypercholesterolemia favors initiation and maintenance of\n atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therapeutic strategies to prevent or\n disrupt such self-perpetuating vicious circles may be crucial for the\n successful treatment of atherosclerosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.220427097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1027680309000},"page":"12752-12757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Linking immune-mediated arterial inflammation and cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in a transgenic mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Ludewig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology and Institute\r of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, and\r Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital\r Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Freigang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology and Institute\r of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, and\r Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital\r Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"J\u00e4ggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology and Institute\r of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, and\r Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital\r Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael O.","family":"Kurrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology and Institute\r of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, and\r Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital\r Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Chang","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology and Institute\r of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, and\r Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital\r Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Vlk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology and Institute\r of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, and\r Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital\r Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Odermatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology 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