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While exploring the functional impact of disturbed mitochondrial function in astrocytes, we observed that GFAP-IR KO mice show uncoupling of brain blood flow with glucose uptake. Since IR-deficient astrocytes show higher levels of reactive oxidant species (ROS), this leads to stimulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 and, consequently, of the vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenic pathway. Indeed, GFAP-IR KO mice show disturbed brain vascularity and blood flow that is normalized by treatment with the antioxidant\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC ameliorated high ROS levels, normalized angiogenic signaling and mitochondrial function in IR-deficient astrocytes, and normalized neurovascular coupling in GFAP-IR KO mice. Our results indicate that by modulating glucose uptake and angiogenesis, insulin receptors in astrocytes participate in neurovascular coupling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2204527119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T14:34:36Z","timestamp":1657809276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Insulin regulates neurovascular coupling through astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5160-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept Systems and Functional Neuroscience. 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