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In this study, we tested the effectiveness of the NETfacts health system, an integrated model of evidence-based individual trauma treatment (Narrative Exposure Therapy [NET]) and a trauma-informed community-based intervention (NETfacts). Alongside changes in mental health outcomes (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, social disapproval, and shame) we also investigated change in attitudes, including rape myth acceptance, stigmatization of survivors of sexual violence, and skepticism about the reintegration of former combatants. To test whether the additional community intervention is superior to individual NET alone, we implemented a randomized controlled design with six villages and interviewed a sample of 1,066 community members. Our results demonstrate that the NETfacts health system in comparison with NET alone more effectively reduced rape myth acceptance and with it ongoing victimization and perpetration. Community members of the NETfacts group also presented with less stigmatizing attitudes against survivors of sexual violence. Skepticism about the reintegration of former combatants declined in both groups. NETfacts appears to have increased motivation to engage in individual treatment. Synergizing the healing effects of individual and collective trauma exposure, the NETfacts health system appears to be an effective and scalable approach to correct degrading or ignominious norms and restore functioning and mental health in postconflict communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2204698119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T13:34:16Z","timestamp":1666964056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["NETfacts: An integrated intervention at the individual and collective level to treat communities affected by organized violence"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Katy","family":"Robjant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nongovernment organization vivo international e.V., 78430 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nongovernment organization vivo international e.V., 78430 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6725-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Carleial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Clinical and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1332-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Elbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nongovernment organization vivo international e.V., 78430 Konstanz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Clinical and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Politics and Administration, Development, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Chibashimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nongovernment organization vivo international e.V., 78430 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private address, Kigali, Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Hoeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Politics and Administration, Development, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2889-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja C.","family":"Rukundo Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nongovernment organization vivo international e.V., 78430 Konstanz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Clinical and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nongovernment organization vivo international e.V., 78430 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8666-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anke","family":"Koebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nongovernment organization vivo international e.V., 78430 Konstanz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Clinical and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Politics and Administration, Development, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","unstructured":"J. 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