{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:55:19Z","timestamp":1792842919197,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZA990\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZA990\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIAMH002838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIAMH002838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIAMH002898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIAMH002898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIAMH002899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIAMH002899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The brain is a highly organized, dynamic system whose network architecture is often assessed through resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity. The functional interactions between brain areas, including those observed during rest, are assumed to stem from the collective influence of action potentials carried by long-range neural projections. However, the contribution of individual neurons to brain-wide functional connectivity has not been systematically assessed. Here we developed a method to concurrently measure and compare the spiking activity of local neurons with fMRI signals measured across the brain during rest. We recorded spontaneous activity from neural populations in cortical face patches in the macaque during fMRI scanning sessions. Individual cells exhibited prominent, bilateral coupling with fMRI fluctuations in a restricted set of cortical areas inside and outside the face patch network, partially matching the pattern of known anatomical projections. Within each face patch population, a subset of neurons was positively coupled with the face patch network and another was negatively coupled. The same cells showed inverse correlations with distinct subcortical structures, most notably the lateral geniculate nucleus and brainstem neuromodulatory centers. Corresponding connectivity maps derived from fMRI seeds and local field potentials differed from the single unit maps, particularly in subcortical areas. Together, the results demonstrate that the spiking fluctuations of neurons are selectively coupled with discrete brain regions, with the coupling governed in part by anatomical network connections and in part by indirect neuromodulatory pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2206559119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T13:49:28Z","timestamp":1661953768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Brain-wide functional connectivity of face patch neurons during rest"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6838-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Zaldivar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2160-1732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji W.","family":"Koyano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0459-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank Q.","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Godlove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4645-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Russ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4262-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bhik-Ghanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1345-6360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Leopold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"},{"name":"Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"Functional architecture of the cerebral cortex","volume":"27","author":"Leopold D. A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"D. A. Leopold, ., Functional architecture of the cerebral cortex. Strungmann Forum Rep. 27, 141\u2013164 (2019).","journal-title":"Strungmann Forum Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-100219-105424"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911855107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05758"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01600"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002245"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20580"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913110107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11618"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06976"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118082"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118692"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1119983"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2391-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.09.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194908"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157436"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm2054"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00052.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1520613113"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008222"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318331111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2014.79.024950"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.02-03-00265.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5283.1868"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.4.422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4803-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903350106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-100119-125739"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903520205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02385-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90007-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271858","article-title":"Cholinergic and non-cholinergic projections from the upper brainstem core to the visual thalamus in the cat","volume":"70","author":"Smith Y.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Y. Smith, D. Par\u00e9, M. Desch\u00eanes, A. Parent, M. Steriade, Cholinergic and non-cholinergic projections from the upper brainstem core to the visual thalamus in the cat. Exp. Brain Res. 70, 166\u2013180 (1988).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237681"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)45013-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24590"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90002-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18097-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105395118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02815-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600434"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858407309541"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21187"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2022.3149002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1808507115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976604774201631"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3985-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117997"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","first-page":"4463","article-title":"Three-dimensional digital template atlas of the macaque brain","volume":"27","author":"Reveley C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"C. Reveley , Three-dimensional digital template atlas of the macaque brain. Cereb. Cortex 27, 4463\u20134477 (2017).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","first-page":"163","volume-title":"The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"G. Paxinos, X. F. Huang, A. W. Toga, The Rhesus Monkey Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2000), p. 163."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2206559119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T08:59:46Z","timestamp":1676624386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2206559119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2206559119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2206559119","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2206559119"}}