{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:34:08Z","timestamp":1781102048649,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"44","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS-2103714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS-2103714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Increased wildfire events constitute a significant threat to life and property in the United States. Wildfire impact on severe storms and weather hazards is another pathway that threatens society, and our understanding of which is very limited. Here, we use unique modeling developments to explore the effects of wildfires in the western US (mainly California and Oregon) on precipitation and hail in the central US. We find that the western US wildfires notably increase the occurrences of heavy precipitation rates by 38% and significant severe hail (\u22652 in.) by 34% in the central United States. Both heat and aerosols from wildfires play an important role. By enhancing surface high pressure and increasing westerly and southwesterly winds, wildfires in the western United States produce (\n                    <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">1<\/jats:xref>\n                    ) stronger moisture and aerosol transport to the central United States and (\n                    <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">2<\/jats:xref>\n                    ) larger wind shear and storm-relative helicity in the central United States. Both the meteorological environment more conducive to severe convective storms and increased aerosols contribute to the enhancements of heavy precipitation rates and large hail. Moreover, the local wildfires in the central US also enhance the severity of storms, but their impact is notably smaller than the impact of remote wildfires in California and Oregon because of the lessened severity of the local wildfires. As wildfires are projected to be more frequent and severe in a warmer climate, the influence of wildfires on severe weather in downwind regions may become increasingly important.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2207329119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T15:11:03Z","timestamp":1666019463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Notable impact of wildfires in the western United States on weather hazards in the central United States"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3260-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-4391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiwen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"Shrivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron R.","family":"Homeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6657-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1344-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John H.","family":"Seinfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL059576"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh2646"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4108"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD029059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD026315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD028965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-2533-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL035680"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD019860"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-5289-2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL025161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-16-0384.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-17-0377.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"5247","article-title":"Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (Part I): Reference simulation","volume":"6","author":"Trentmann J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. Trentmann , Modeling of biomass smoke injection into the lower stratosphere by a large forest fire (Part I): Reference simulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 6, 5247\u20135260 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL084534"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-5261-2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/4\/1\/015003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL062826"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD025056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL037180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-021-06135-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","unstructured":"J. Jacobo G. Zee Climate change may be causing an early start to fire season in the West (2021). https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/climate-change-causing-early-start-fire-season-west\/story?id=77737065. (Accessed 20 September 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aba868"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-18-0740.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","unstructured":"A. Podlaha S. Bowen M. L\u00f6rinc A. Bhattacharya Global catastrophe recap: July 2018. Aon Benfield Analytics (2018). thoughtleadership.aon.com\/Documents\/20180809-ab-analytics-if-july-global-recap.pdf. (Accessed 20 September 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016MS000676"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-14163-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-D-20-0106.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-2363-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-D-21-0054.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2010.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","volume-title":"Storm and Cloud Dynamics","author":"Cotton W. R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"W. R. Cotton, R. A. Anthes, Storm and Cloud Dynamics (Elsevier, ed. 1, 1989).","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-D-14-0155.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-D-17-0127.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL080667"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD008782"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS3446.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL026608"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-13-0131.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL019852"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL036465"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2001)129<0569:CAALSH>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR3199.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D13","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD009944","article-title":"Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models","volume":"113","author":"Iacono M. J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. J. Iacono , Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models. J. Geophys. Res. 113, D13 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-3181-2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","unstructured":"A. Darmenov A. da Silva \u201cThe Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED)\u201d (NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation NASA TM-2015-104606 38 2015). https:\/\/gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov\/pubs\/docs\/Darmenov796.pdf. (Accessed 20 September 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-15-0242.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0758.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-16-0027.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/WAF-D-18-0024.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-18-0247.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","unstructured":"Y. Lin K. E. Mitchell The NCEP Stage II\/IV hourly precipitation analyses: Development and applications (2005). https:\/\/www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov\/mmb\/SREF\/pcpanl\/refs\/stage2-4.19hydro.pdf. Accessed 22 September 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","volume-title":"Spatial Wildfire Occurrence Data for the United States, 1992\u20132018 [FPA_FOD_20210617]","author":"Short K. C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"K. C. Short, Spatial Wildfire Occurrence Data for the United States, 1992\u20132018 [FPA_FOD_20210617] (Forest Service Research Data Archive, Fort Collins, CO, ed. 5, 2021).","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Zhang Notable impact of wildfires in the western United States on weather hazards in the central United States. RemoteFireEffect. https:\/\/portal.nersc.gov\/project\/m2977\/RemoteFireEffect\/. Deposited 18 July 2022.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2207329119"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2207329119","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T19:32:22Z","timestamp":1728156742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2207329119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"44","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2207329119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2207329119","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2207329119"}}