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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the history of humanity, most conflicts within and between societies have originated from perceived inequality in resource distribution. How humans achieve and maintain distributive justice has therefore been an intensely studied issue. However, most research on the corresponding psychological processes has focused on inequality aversion and has been largely agnostic of other motives that may either align or oppose this behavioral tendency. Here we provide behavioral, computational, and neuroimaging evidence that distribution decisions are guided by three distinct motives\u2014inequality aversion, harm aversion, and rank reversal aversion\u2014that interact with each other and can also deter individuals from pursuing equality. At the neural level, we show that these three motives are encoded by separate neural systems, compete for representation in various brain areas processing equality and harm signals, and are integrated in the striatum, which functions as a crucial hub for translating the motives to behavior. Our findings provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the cognitive and biological processes by which multiple prosocial motives are coordinated in the brain to guide redistribution behaviors. This framework enhances our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying equality-related behavior, suggests possible neural origins of individual differences in social preferences, and provides a new pathway to understand the cognitive and neural basis of clinical disorders with impaired social functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209078119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T14:26:57Z","timestamp":1669732017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Neurocomputational evidence that conflicting prosocial motives guide distributive justice"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"PKU-IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0991-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3964-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian C.","family":"Ruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"PKU-IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"},{"name":"School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention and School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195178111.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.3960080202"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","volume-title":"Social Policy and Welfare Pluralism","author":"Offer J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"J. 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