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The rumen sorting mechanism increases chewing efficacy beyond that reached by any other mammal and has been hypothesized to also offer an internal washing mechanism, which would be an outstanding example of an additional advantage by a physiological adaptation, but in vivo evidence is lacking so far. Here, we investigated four cannulated, live cows that received a diet to which sand was added. Silica in swallowed food and feces reflected experimental dietary sand contamination, whereas the regurgitate submitted to rumination remained close to the silica levels of the basal food. This helps explain how ruminants are able to tolerate high levels of dust or grit in their diet, with less high-crowned teeth than nonruminants in the same habitat. Palaeo-reconstructions based on dental morphology and dental wear traces need to take the ruminants\u2019 wear-protection mechanism into account. The inadvertent advantage likely contributed to the ruminants\u2019 current success in terms of species diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2212447119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T15:23:13Z","timestamp":1669994593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Ruminant sorting mechanism protects teeth from abrasives"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3237-0298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah O.","family":"Valerio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8876-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruminant Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, University of G\u00f6ttingen, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-9513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daryl","family":"Codron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7043-7430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Hatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-6207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Clauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland"},{"name":"AgroVet Strickhof, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3809405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1939"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3565648"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/208806a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2011.00176.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139003384"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-702290-1.50027-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Particle separation in the forestomach of sheep","author":"Sutherland T. 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